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Management strategies for Tooba projects in Kurdistan province
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Maziar Haidari *   , Sheyda Khosravi2 , Saman Maleki Maleki2 |
Agricultural Research Education And Extension Organization, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center , maziarheidari1364@gmail.com
2- Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center |
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Abstract: (7 Views) |
The Tooba Plans were designed and implemented in the 1990s with the goal of expanding orchards (or planting productive dryland tree species) and empowering local communities across Iran, including Kurdistan Province. This study aimed to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of Tooba Plans in Kurdistan's forests and to determine appropriate management strategies. To achieve this, a list of implemented Tooba Plans in Kurdistan Province was compiled (number of 90 active plans) and 20 plans were randomly selected as samples, with their plan booklets reviewed. A questionnaire was then developed to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the Tooba Plans and distributed to the target population (comprising 30 local community members and 60 experts). Scoring for the four SWOT categories was conducted using a Likert scale (from 1 to 5), and rankings were based on average scores and relative weights. Subsequently, the Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) matrix was used to determine the suitable strategy (aggressive, competitive, defensive, or conservative) for these plans. The findings revealed that the most significant weakness and threat were, respectively, the transfer of land ownership to plan implementers (with a relative weight of 96.67 percent) and the conversion of natural resources to residential areas and irrigated orchards (with a relative weight of 92.89 percent). In contrast, the most prominent strength and opportunity were the appeal of the plans' incentives to local communities (with a relative weight of 88.00 percent)and the empowerment of these communities alongside reduced dependence on direct degradation of natural resources (with a relative weight of 94.00 percent). Additional results indicated a defensive strategy for the Tooba Plans (-8.64; -4.63). Based on these findings, to ensure ecosystem sustainability in plans where forest cover (with productive dryland forest species) has not fully established, afforestation with productive dryland forest species and supplementary planting are recommended.
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Article number: 9 |
| Keywords: Dryland fruit trees, defensive strategy, land use change, orchard development, local communities |
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Full-Text [PDF 1175 kb]
(6 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/11/4 | Accepted: 2025/12/26 | Published: 2026/09/17
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