Khara Rud Rural, located in the central part of Siyahkal County in Gilan Province (covering 147.5 sq km at elevations of 24-1010 m), harbors 157 plant species (136 genera, 56 families) identified in 2023. The largest families in the region include Poaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae. According to a study on the growing period, 75% of the species are perennials and 24% are annuals. The life forms are predominantly hemicryptophytes (35%) and phanerophytes (33%), reflecting a cold temperate climate and forested areas. Based on the plant geographic distribution, 27% of the species are vegetative elements of the Euro-Siberian region.17% of these elements are Euro-Siberian, Irano-Turanian, and Mediterranean. The high presence of species with a Euro-Siberian distribution reveals the floristic connection between the Hyrcanian forests and the Euro-Siberian forests. The flora consists of 33% fodder and 82% medicinal herbs of the total vegetation. The assessment of conservation status showed 17 species with varying degrees of vulnerability and 14 endemic species. The findings of this research, in addition to providing basic information on the region, are essential for its improvement and restoration. The studied area, as a natural habitat for multiple endangered species, has a high level of biodiversity, which emphasizes its ecological value and its degradation, particularly as a result of anthropogenic factors, requires planning for its protection and natural regeneration.