[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
Articles archive::
For Authors::
For Reviewers::
Registration::
Contact us::
Site Facilities::
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
:: Volume 6, Issue 13 (3-2019) ::
PEC 2019, 6(13): 155-176 Back to browse issues page
Symptoms of Oak Decline and its Impact on the Total Phenolic Compounds, Flavonoids and Protein of the Leaves of Quercus brantii (Case Study: Lorestan Province)
Shahram Mahdi Karami , Ziaedin Badehian * , Akram Ahmadi , Mohsen Rajabi
Lorestan University , Badehian.z@u.ac.ir
Abstract:   (3821 Views)

The phenomenon of Oak decline is one of worrying phenomena that has been occurred in Zagros forests, and the extent of the infected forest areas is spread increasingly. The present study aims at investigating the symptoms of Oak decline on the individuals and its effect on the secondary compounds of Quercus brantii leaves. For this purposes, three forest regions including Abolivafa, Miankouh and Mellasaban in Lorestan province, which are of the most important centers of Oak decline, were selected. To introduce oak decline, trees with different levels of crown decline and healthy trees were also randomly determined. The symptoms of Oak decline include the debarking of the trunk, emission of the extraction from xylem, fraction in the bulk of the trees, leaf browning and premature leaves fall. Regarding the findings of secondary compounds, the results showed that flavonoid compounds in the leaves affected by Oak decline were significantly higher than that of the healthy trees in Miankooh, Male Shaban and Abolvafa (p≤0.5). However, the content of total phenol were significantly higher in the healthy trees only in Miankooh and Male Shaban (p≤0.5). The amount of measured protein was not significantly different in healthy and infected trees. In addition, due to the further development of the disease in Miankouh region, the increase of these compounds was higher than other regions. In conclusion, the results show that oak decline increases the secondary compounds such as flavonoids and phenol compounds, which have an effective role in the resistance of Quercus brantii against pathogens and prolonging the trees’ survival.
 

Keywords: Quercus Brantii, Stress, Decline, Biochemical Compounds
Full-Text [PDF 812 kb]   (715 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2017/04/14 | Accepted: 2018/04/10 | Published: 2019/05/3
References
1. Barbehenn, R., Cheek, S., Gasperut, A., Lister, E. and Maben, R., 2005. Phenolic compounds in Red Oak and sugar maple leaves have prooxidant activities in the midgut fluids of Malacosoma disstria and Orgyia leucostigma caterpillars. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31 (5).
2. Bognounou, F., Thiomiano, A., Oden, P.C., Guinko, S. 2010. Seed provenance and latitudinal gradient effects on seed germination capacity and seedling establishment five indigenous species in Burkina Faso. Tropical Ecology, 51 (2): 1-13
3. Bradford, M M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgramquantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytica Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.
4. Bruce, R. Fraedrich, P. William, B., 2000, dieback and decline, technical pepert.
5. Cobos, J.M., Montoya, R and Tuset, J.J., 1993. New damage to Quercus woodlands in Spain. Preliminary evaluation of the possible implication of Phytophthora cinnamomi.
6. Daycem, K., Rabiaa Manel, S., Sameh A, Dhafer, L., Mokhtar, H., Jalloul B. 2013. Composition and anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia herba-alba, Ruta chalpensis L. and Peganum harmala L, 55: 202–208.
7. Jung, T., Blaschke, H., Obwald, W., 2000. Involvement of soilborne Phytophthora species in Central European oak decline and the effect of site factors on the disease. Plant Path. 49, 706–718.
8. Kabrick, J.M., Dey, D.C., Jensen, R.G., Wallendorf, M. 2008. The role of environmental factors in oak decline and mortality in the Ozark Highlands. Forest Ecology and Management, 255 (5-6): 1409-1417.
9. Kenk, G., 1993. Growth in “declining” forests of Baden-Wurttemberg (southwestern Germany), Forest decline in the Atlantic and Pacific region, New York, NY, 397 pp.
10. Lawrence, R., B. Moltzan., W.K. Moser, 2002. Oak decline and the future of Missouri’s forests, Missouri Conservationist, 63(7): 11-18.
11. Maleknia, R., Namiranian, M. and Feghhi, J., 2006. Investigation on the effective factors in agricultural lands selection in Zagros forest and their influence on forest stands status (Case study: cheshmeh Khazaneh rural boundary- Ilam). Forest & Rangeland, 71: 22-25.
12. Manion, P.D., 1991.Tree Disease Concepts. Prentice-Hall Career and Technology, New Jersey.
13. Manion, P.D., Lachance, D., 1992. Forest Decline Concepts. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota.
14. McDowell N., Pockman W.T., Allen C.D., Breshears D.D., Cobb N., Kolb T., et al., 2008. Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during : why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytol. 4: 719–739.
15. Millers, I.; Shriner. D.S.; Rizzo, D., 1989. History of hardwood decline in the eastern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-126. Broomall, PA. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 75 p.
16. Miner, B., 2004, Associated Dieback strategy, Forest ecology and management,214: 3-4, 24-35.
17. Moreira, A.C and Martins J. M. S., 2004. Influence of site factors on the impact of Phytophtora cinnamomi in cork oak stands in Portugal. Forest Pathology, 35(3):145-162. Slinkard, K., Singleton, V.L., 1977. Total phenol analysis; automation and comparison with manual methods. Enology and Viticulture, (28): 49-55.
18. Moreira, A.C and Martins J. M. S., 2004. Influence of site factors on the impact of Phytophtora cinnamomi in cork oak stands in Portugal. Forest Pathology, 35(3):145-162.
19. Pulido, R., Bravo, L., Saura-Calixto, F., 2000. Antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols as determined by a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay. J Agric Food Chem. 48: 3396–402.
20. Samsone I., Andersone U., Ievinsh G., 2011. Gall midge Rhabdophaga rosaria-induce rosette galls on Salix: morphology, photochemistry of photosynthesis and defense enzyme activity. Environmental and Experimental Biology, (9): 29–36.
21. Schomaker, M.E., S.J. Zarnoch, W.A. Bechtold, D.J. Latelle, W.G. Burkman., S.M. Cox, 2007. Crown-condition classification: a guide to data collection and analysis, 78 pp.
22. Silva B.M., Andrade P.B., Valentao, P., Ferreres, F., Seabra, R.M., Ferreira M.A., 2004. Quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) fruit (pulp, peel, and seed) and jam: antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem, 52: 4705–12.
23. Somogy, M. 1952. Notes on sugar determination. Journal of Biological Chemistry; 195: 19-29.
24. Starkey, D. A., Oak, S.W., Ryan, G. W., Tainter, F. H. Redmond, C. and Brown, H. D., 1988. Evaluation of oak decline areas in the south. Protection Publication, R8-PR 17. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Region, 36 p.
25. Starkey, D.A., Oak, S.W., 1988. Site factors and stand conditions associated with oak decline in southern upland hardwood forests. In: Rink, G, C. A. Budelsky, eds
26. Tilki, F., Yuksek, F.T., Guner, S., 2009. The Effect of Undercutting on Growth and Morphology of 1+0 Bareroot Sessile Oak Seedlings in Relation to Acorn Size. Austr. J. Basic and Appl. Sci, 3(4): 3900-3905
27. Tomiczek, C., 1993. Oak decline in Austria and Europe. J. Arboric. 19, 71–73.
28. Wang, D., Bormann, F.H., Lugo, A.E. and Bowden, R.D., 1991. Comparison of nutrient-use efficiency and biomass production in five tropical tree taxa. Forest Ecology and Management,46:1-21.
29. Wargo, P.M. Houston, L.A. LaMadeleine .1983. Oak decline. Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet 165. -Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service. 8 p.
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA


XML   Persian Abstract   Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Mahdi Karami S, Badehian Z, Ahmadi A, Rajabi M. Symptoms of Oak Decline and its Impact on the Total Phenolic Compounds, Flavonoids and Protein of the Leaves of Quercus brantii (Case Study: Lorestan Province). PEC 2019; 6 (13) :155-176
URL: http://pec.gonbad.ac.ir/article-1-311-en.html


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 6, Issue 13 (3-2019) Back to browse issues page
مجله حفاظت زیست بوم گیاهان Journal of Plant Ecosystem Conservation
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.08 seconds with 37 queries by YEKTAWEB 4645