fa ارتباط میزان انتشار دارواش با عوامل رویشگاهی و ویژگی‌های ساختاری در جنگل‌های زاگرس (مطالعه موردی: جنگل‌های قلاجه، استان کرمانشاه) تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیاه نیمه &shy;انگل دارواش موخور یکی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">عوامل</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مضر و آسیب&shy;زننده</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">جنگل‌های</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زاگرس</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">است.</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">برای</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بررسی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">عوامل موثر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در میزان</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آلودگی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درختان</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به دارواش،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پژوهش</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در جنگل‌های</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">قلاجه</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیلان غرب،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">استان</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کرمانشاه</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">انجام گردید. به &shy;منظور انجام این مطالعه با استفاده از روش آماربرداری درخت&shy; به &shy;درخت تمامی درختان آلوده بررسی گردید.</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">خصوصیات رویشگاهی شامل شیب، ارتفاع از سطح دریا و جهت جغرافیایی و نیز ویژگیهای درختان میزبان شامل نوع</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گونه،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">قطر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">برابر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سینه،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ارتفاع</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درخت و سطح</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تاج</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ثبت شد. بررسی فراوانی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آلودگی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دارواش به</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روش رتبه‌دهی در</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سه قسمت</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تاج</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">انجام</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گردید.</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;نتایج</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نشان</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">داد</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">که</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بین انواع</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گونه‌های</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درختی،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بلوط</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ایرانی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تنهایی4/80</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درصد</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درختان</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">منطقه</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">را</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">شامل</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">می‌شود.</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">وضعیت آلودگی درختان به دارواش نشان داد که بیشترین میزان آلودگی مربوط به گونه‌ی بلوط ایرانی (9/91 درصد) است. نتایج</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آزمون</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تجزیه</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">واریانس</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نشان</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">داد</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">که</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بین</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فراوانی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آلودگی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به دارواش</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">طبقات</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">قطر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">برابر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سینه،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ارتفاع</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سطح</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تاج</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درختان</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">اختلاف</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">معنی‌دار</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سطح</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پنج</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درصد</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">وجود</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دارد. به &shy;طورکلی،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درختان طبقه قطری60</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">65</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سانتی‌متری،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">با ارتفاع</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بیش از 15 متر و مساحت تاج پوشش بیش از نه متر مربع، دارای</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بیشترین</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقدار</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آلودگی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دارواش بودند. در بین عوامل فیزیوگرافیک موجود در رویشگاه مورد مطالعه بیشترین تاثیر بر روی فراوانی درختان آلوده به دارواش مربوط به فاکتور ارتفاع از سطح دریا است.</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">با</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">افزایش</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقدار</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مشخصه‌های کمی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درختان</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">(قطر، ارتفاع و مساحت تاج)،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فراوانی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آلودگی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">افزایش</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">می‌یابد. پیشنهاد می‌شود برای کنترل و مقابله با توسعه و انتشار دارواش در وضعیت رویشگاهی مختلف از قبیل شیب، ارتفاع و جهت جغرافیایی، توده‌های دو آشکوبه و کهن‌سال دارای درختان با ابعاد بزرگ‌تر در اولویت قرار گیرد. </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">The semi-parasitic European yellow mistletoe<i> (Loranthus europaeus </i>Jacq.<i>)</i> is one of the harmful and damaging factors to the Zagros forests. This study to analyze the causes of infected trees by European yellow mistletoe was conducted in the Ghalajeh forests in Kermanshah province. To carry out this study, completely infected trees were examined by using the tree-to-tree sampling method. Required data including habitat characteristics and host tree characteristics such as tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), length of the tree, crown area, and severity of European yellow mistletoe infection recorded in three parts on crown through the DMR method. The results showed that Persian oak includes 80.4% of the region&#39;s trees. The state of tree infection to European yellow mistletoe showed that the highest infection rate consisted of the Persian oak species (91.9%). Typically, 60 and 65 cm diameter classes, 15-meter-high tree height, and 9 square-meter crown class had the highest infection. Among the physiographic factors in the study site, the highest impact on the abundance of European yellow mistletoe-infected trees is related to the altitude factor. The variance test results demonstrated a significant difference between the severity of infected trees in the DBH classes, height, and crown area of trees (p=0.5). By increasing the number of characteristics of trees (i.e. diameter, length, and crown area), the severity of infection increases. &nbsp;Therefore, it suggested that to control the spread of mistletoe in different habitat conditions such as slope, altitude, geographical direction, two-story, and old-growth trees with outsized dimensions should be given priority.</span></span></span></span></span> دارواش, توزیع مکانی, روش DMR, عوامل رویشگاهی, ویژگی‌های ساختاری European yellow mistletoe, spatial distribution, DMR method, Habitat factors, Structural characteristics. 67 89 http://pec.gonbad.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-657-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mohsen Javanmiri pour محسن جوانمیری‌پور mm.javanmeri@gmail.com 3320321811 10031947532846008713 Yes Forest and rangeland organization سازمان جنگلها و مراتع Ali Hasanzadeh علی حسن زاده mm.javanmeri@gmail.com 10031947532846008714 10031947532846008714 No Forest and rangeland organization سازمان جنگلها و مراتع Jabar Valipour جبار ولی پور jabar.valipour@yahoo.com 10031947532846008715 10031947532846008715 No Forest and rangeland organization سازمان جنگلها و مراتع