The aim of this research was investigation on relationship of vegetation and soil in river banks of dryland regions. The two study areas selected for with different type vegetation cover. According to this selected 2 transect with 500 m length and distance 50m quadrates in 3 x 3m and quadrates 1 x 1m were sampled for vegetation analysis from the river banks. The parameters measured included canopy surface area, bare soil area and litter. Five soil samples was taken from the 0-45 cm depth at each location, and analyzed for pH, EC, available phosphorus, available potassium and texture. Data analyzed using SPSS software. The data shows that there have been plants such as Tamarx, Salsola and Hammada in end of river. Average of vegetation cover, bare soil surface and the litter were 14.8, 79 and 6.2%, respectively. Also, in up of study area has been occupied by Haloxylon and Hammada. Average of mention parameters were 12, 81.2 and 6.6%, respectively. Analyzed of vegetation shows that no significantly between canopy, bare soil area and litter in two areas. Analyzed of soil characteristics shows that there are significantly between soil samples in two regions. Therefore, the data shows that the soil causes difference in vegetation on river banks.