Studying the effect of municipal and industrial wastewater on the canopy and antioxidant enzymes of some trees in the green space of Ardakan Pellet Factory

Arami, Mahsa; Gholamnezhad, Jalal; Shirmardi, Mostafa

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Volume 13, Issue 27 (3-2026)

PEC 2026, 13(27): 1-17

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Studying the effect of municipal and industrial wastewater on the canopy and antioxidant enzymes of some trees in the green space of Ardakan Pellet Factory

Mahsa Arami

, Jalal Gholamnezhad ^*

, Mostafa Shirmardi²

Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran , jgholamnezhad@ardakan.ac.ir
2- Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

Abstract: (1156 Views)

The scarcity of water across the country (Iran) and even the world has brought the attention of researchers to the reuse of municipal and industrial wastewater. One of the ways of saving money and resources is the use of industrial effluents and municipal sewage in creating and development of green spaces. Ardakan Pellet Making Industrial Complex (Chadermelo) is one of the industries that, in line with the management of this crisis, irrigates its green space with the water resources available at the factory site (i.e. industrial effluent and treated urban sewage). The purpose of this study is to investigate some of the morphological and physiological characteristics of a number of plants cultivated in this complex, which are irrigated with gray, or the above-mentioned, water sources. This research uses a complete randomized block design with three water treatments including three types of urban sewage treatment water, industrial wastewater and a mixture of both types of water in three replications for six plant species: olive, eucalyptus, pomegranate, Tehran pine, Egyptian silk, and bitter elder. Investigation included the analysis of the morphological traits of Taj Gostar and measuring the physiological traits including measuring the amount of total protein and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase). The results showed that among the three applied treatments, with the use of treated urban wastewater resulted in a significant increase in the Taj Gostar trait of pomegranate, olive, elderberry, and Egyptian silk trees. According to the obtained results, the largest canopy (114.95 cm) in pomegranate was related to the treatment with sewage, and the smallest (111.93 cm) was in the trees treated with industrial wastewater. In the case of olive and bitter elder, it was shown that the largest crown (131.36 and 214.33 cm, respectively) of the olive tree was a result of treatment with sewage. The lowest crown was recorded in the treatment with industrial effluent in the case of olive (129.40 cm) and in the case of bitter elder mixed treatment (industrial effluent and sewage), resulted in a rate of 196.66 cm. In the case of eucalyptus and pine trees, almost a similar trend was observed. Measuring the amount of total protein showed that the highest amount of protein (25.07 mg/kg) of pomegranate was in the treatment with industrial wastewater and the lowest amount (23.47 mg/kg) was related to the treatment of trees with wastewater. There was no significant difference with mixed water treatment. A similar trend was observed for olive, pine, eucalyptus and Egyptian silk. The results related to the measurement of two antioxidant enzymes, catalase, and peroxidase showed that, for all the trees, the highest activity of enzymes was in the treatment of industrial effluents and the lowest was related to the treatment of sewage. Considering the results of this study, the use of treated municipal wastewater for irrigation of green spaces in the Gol-e-Gohar pelletizing industrial complex (Ardakan), particularly for pomegranate, olive, Russian olive, and Egyptian silk tree, led to a significant increase in canopy growth (crown diameter), indicating better adaptation of these plants to this water source. On the other hand, while industrial effluent increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) and protein levels in some species, it had a negative effect on canopy growth.

Article number: 1

Keywords: Canopy, Total protein, Catalase, Peroxidase, Industrial wastewater, Urban wastewater

Full-Text [PDF 812 kb] (434 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2024/07/16 | Accepted: 2025/08/2 | Published: 2026/03/11

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Arami M, Gholamnezhad J, Shirmardi M. Studying the effect of municipal and industrial wastewater on the canopy and antioxidant enzymes of some trees in the green space of Ardakan Pellet Factory. PEC 2026; 13 (27) : 1
URL: http://pec.gonbad.ac.ir/article-1-985-en.html

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